Many people try to compare alcoholism and drug addiction, often thinking one is ‘not as bad’ as the other. Some believe alcohol is safer because it’s legal. Others see drug addiction as more serious due to the risks and stigma. But both alcoholism and drug addiction are forms of the same illness, which is addiction. And both deserve to be taken seriously.
In this blog, we explain the key differences, address common misconceptions, and highlight what truly matters when it comes to substance use recovery.
What is Addiction?
Addictive substances create a high, which is brought on by the release of dopamine in the brain. Addiction changes the way the brain works by altering its communication system and reward pathways, leading to structural and chemical changes. Over time, the body produces less dopamine in response to the substance, resulting in decreased pleasure from normal activities and a need for more of the substance to feel the same effect. When addiction occurs, the brain adapts to the substance and it no longer has the same effect, but there is a biological effect of withdrawal.
Much of the reasons why some people develop an addiction when others do not are unknown. However, the main danger lies in the reasons behind the use of a substance, often connected to mental health issues. Those who use drug or alcohol as a coping mechanism for stress or depression find themselves using more and more and their brains become less responsive to the positive effects. Repeated use of alcohol or drugs leads to long-lasting changes in brain chemistry and neuron function, making it harder for the brain to experience pleasure without the substance. This is true for both alcohol and other drugs.
Why Alcohol Addiction is Dangerous
It’s common for people struggling with alcohol to downplay their addiction. You might hear someone say, “It’s not like I’m taking heroin”, or “I only drink at weekends”.
But this comparison can be dangerous in the context of substance abuse. Alcohol may be legal, but it’s one of the most harmful drugs when used in excess, both physically and socially. In the UK, there are over 10,000 alcohol specific deaths each year, costing the NHS billions.
Many people live with serious alcohol problems for years before seeking help, partly because it’s so socially accepted. This normalisation hides the damage alcohol dependence can cause to health, relationships, work, and mental wellbeing.
What Makes Drug Addiction Different?
Drug addiction often carries a stronger social stigma. People who are addicted to substances like cocaine, heroin, or methadone are more likely to be judged, shamed, or even criminalised.
But the reality is not black and white. While some drugs are illegal and carry legal risks, addiction itself is a medical condition, not a moral failure. Whether the drug is legal or not, addiction causes changes in the brain, affects judgement, and makes stopping incredibly difficult without addiction support.
The Key Similarities Between Alcoholism vs Drug Addiction
Despite the differences in legality and perception, the core of addiction as a chronic disease is the same.
Changes in the Brain
Both alcohol and drugs affect the brain’s reward system. They cause a surge in dopamine, a chemical associated with pleasure and motivation. These substances also alter nerve cells in the brain, changing how they communicate and their structure, which contributes to addiction. Over time, the brain adjusts and begins to rely on the substance to feel normal.
This leads to cravings, tolerance (needing more to get the same effect), and withdrawal symptoms when the substance is removed.
Escapism
People don’t become addicted just for fun. Addiction often begins as a way to cope with stress, trauma, depression, or anxiety. Over time, that coping mechanism becomes a trap. Whether it’s alcohol or drugs, the root cause is often emotional distress.
Impact on Daily Life
Both types of addiction can affect every aspect of your life, including your:
- Physical health
- Mental wellbeing
- Employment
- Relationships
- Financial stability
Why Prescription Drug Addiction Is on the Rise
One growing problem in the UK is prescription drug addiction, which can often lead to drug abuse. Medications including opioids, tramadol, benzodiazepines (e.g. diazepam) and sleeping tablets can all lead to dependency.
Because they’re given by a doctor, people may assume they’re safe. But when taken for long periods or in higher doses, they can be highly addictive and just as difficult to stop as illegal drugs. Taking prescription drugs for a long period increases the risk of developing dependency.
This kind of addiction is often hidden and misunderstood. Many people don’t even realise they’ve become dependent until they try to stop.
How Society Can Shape Recovery
Social perception can significantly impact an individual’s view of their own addiction and whether they feel safe asking for help.
- Alcohol is socially accepted. Heavy drinking is often seen as normal, especially in British culture. This can delay recognition of a problem. The social acceptance of alcohol can also make it easier for people to use other substances, such as cannabis-containing products, alongside alcohol, increasing the risk of polysubstance use.
- Drug addiction is more frowned upon. People addicted to drugs may feel ashamed, judged, or even criminalised, making them less likely to reach out.
Both situations can lead to isolation, denial, and suffering in silence. Young people are especially vulnerable to developing substance use disorders, and early intervention is crucial to prevent long-term harm.
Can You Quit One and Use Another?
This is a very common pattern. Someone might stop using cocaine, for example, but carry on with (or start drinking more) alcohol because they don’t see alcohol as a problem. Or vice versa. This is more commonly known as a cross addiction.
But addiction isn’t about the substance. The pattern will likely remain unchanged unless the underlying behaviours and emotional patterns are addressed. Using another substance often leads to a new addiction or a full relapse.
This is why many rehab centres in the UK recommend total abstinence, which means avoiding all mind-altering substances in order to protect recovery.
Treatment: Different Routes, Same Goal
Treatment for alcoholism and drug addiction may differ in some details, for example, medical detox methods or medication support, but the core approach is the same:
- Medical detox, if needed, to manage withdrawal safely
- Therapy and counselling to understand the root causes
- Group support, such as AA or NA meetings
- Building a new lifestyle free from addiction
Long-term recovery is not just about stopping use. It’s also about creating a life where the person no longer feels the need to escape.
Need Support? Reach Out Today
Whether someone is addicted to alcohol, cocaine, painkillers, or anything else, the pain, struggle, and risks are very real. Comparing one type of substance use disorder to another only gets in the way of recovery.
If you or someone you know is struggling, don’t wait for it to get worse. Help is available, and recovery is possible, regardless of the substance involved. Call us on 08000014070 or fill out our enquiry form today.
